Alabama Common Core Implementation Costs
by Henry W. Burke
12.26.12
It will cost Alabama $282 million to implement the Common Core Standards (CCS). Where will Alabama find $282 million to implement the mediocre Common Core Standards?
I will call your attention to an excellent Pioneer Institute report, "National Cost of Aligning States and Localities to the Common Core Standards," dated February 2012 (PI report) and my report, "States' Taxpayers Cannot Afford Common Core Standards," by Henry W. Burke, dated 10.15.12 (Burke report). These are the links to the reports:
http://www.pioneerinstitute.org/pdf/120222_CCSSICost.pdf
http://educationviews.org/states-taxpayers-cannot-afford-common-core-standards/
I also wrote a companion report applicable to the states that did not adopt the Common Core Standards, "Non-Common Core States Will Save Millions of Dollars," by Henry W. Burke, 10.18.12:
http://educationviews.org/non-common-core-states-will-save-millions-of-dollars/
Alabama gave up very good state standards to adopt the inferior Common Core Standards. According to a 2010 Fordham Institute report that compared the state standards with the Common Core Standards, Alabama had good English Language Arts (ELA) standards and Mathematics standards ("Too Close to Call").
I encourage you to realistically evaluate the costs versus the benefits for the State of Alabama. I will focus only on the cost of implementing the Common Core Standards (CCS) versus the dollar awards received from the federal government. (Alabama received zero dollars in competitive awards.)
I thought I would offer a little insight into the CCS implementation costs. This explanation includes the Pioneer report figures and my assumptions. Obviously, I cannot speak for the Pioneer Institute nor its partners in the white paper, Accountability Works and Pacific Research Institute. These are strictly my thoughts, assumptions and calculations.
The Pioneer Institute report identified four cost categories for CCS implementation. The categories are: Testing, Professional Development, Textbooks, and Technology. Pioneer calculated the total CCS implementation cost over a 7-year time period.
The PI report included bar graphs (without dollar figures) for each state in Professional Development, Textbooks, and Technology. The Appendices to the PI report showed exact dollar figures for each state in only the Textbooks and Technology categories. This is the link to the Pioneer Institute Appendices:
http://www.accountabilityworks.org/photos/Appendices.Common_Core_Cost.AW.pdf
Consequently, I had to derive figures for Testing and Professional Development for each of the 46 states. My goal was to duplicate the Pioneer figures as closely as possible. My nationwide totals for the four categories agree quite closely with the Pioneer Institute report.
A. Alabama CCS Loss
The State of Alabama submitted a proposal to the U.S. Department of Education (USDOE) for Phase 1 and Phase 2 of the Race to the Top (RTTT) program and received a rank of No. 37 in Phase 1 and a rank of No. 36 in Phase 2 of that competition. The 12 "winning" states under Phase 1 and Phase 2 of RTTT received a total of $3.94 billion. Alabama did not receive any funds from the federal government for competitive awards.
In the Burke Table 1, CCS Loss Per State, the CCS Total Cost for Alabama is $281.693 million; and the federal competitive award total is zero dollars. The difference is $281.693 million.
This means Alabama will have to find $282 million to pay for the implementation expense of CCS.
B. Alabama CCS Cost
In the Burke Table 2, CCS Cost Per Student, we can see that Alabama has a CCS Cost per Student of $376. This is almost identical to the average cost per student of $379 (average cost for the 46 CCS states).
Table 3, Total CCS Cost, lists the components making up the Total CCS Cost of $281.693 million for Alabama. Testing cost is $22.225 million; Professional Development cost is $91.707 million; Textbook cost is $44.643 million; and Technology cost is $123.118 million.
In round numbers, Alabama will spend $22 million on Testing, $92 million on Professional Development, $45 million on Textbooks, and $123 million on Technology. The Total CCS Cost for Alabama will be $282 million.
Explanation of Figures
1. Testing -- Testing is a function of the number of students tested. Table 5 in my report shows the Total Nationwide Cost for the 46 CCS states. My Table 5 duplicates Pioneer Figure 2B (on page 2 of the PI report). Figure 2B shows a Total Testing Cost of $1,240,641,297.
Table 6 (Burke report) lists the number of students and teachers in each of the 46 states; the total for the 46 states is 41,805,062 students. I obtained all of the numbers in Table 6 from the Pioneer report Appendices (NCES: 2009 - 2010 School Year).
When I divided $1,240,641,297 by 41,805,062 students, I obtained a factor of $29.67681993 per student. This Testing cost factor was applied to each of the 46 states to get the Testing cost for each state. My Total Testing Cost of $1,240.641 million agrees with the Pioneer Figure 2B number.
Alabama has a total student enrollment of 748,889 students. When I multiplied 748,889 students by the $29.6768 factor per student, I obtained $22.225 million.
[748,889 students x $29.67681993 per student = $22,224,644]
2. Professional Development -- The purpose of Professional Development is to train the teachers on the new Common Core academic standards. Professional Development is a function of the number of teachers that must be trained. Pioneer used a Professional Development cost of $1,931 per teacher.
Alabama has 47,492 teachers. When I multiplied 47,492 teachers by $1,931 per teacher, I obtained $91.707 million.
[47,492 teachers x $1,931 per teacher = $91,707,052]
Incidentally, my calculations produced a Professional Development Cost for California of $605.938 million. The PI report bar graph showed the number $606 million for California. This verifies that my calculation assumptions and methodology are correct.
3. Textbooks -- I obtained the Textbook cost for Alabama directly from the Pioneer Institute Appendix. The Table in the Appendix showed a Total Textbook Cost for Alabama of $44,642,925 ($44.643 million).
The PI Appendix listed the following numbers for Textbooks and Instructional Materials:
Alabama Textbook Cost
(Millions of Dollars)
|
Grade |
Textbook Cost ($ Millions) |
|
K |
4.082 |
|
1 |
3.855 |
|
2 |
3.098 |
|
3 |
3.262 |
|
4 |
2.996 |
|
5 |
2.953 |
|
6 |
3.394 |
|
Subtotal -- K - 6 |
23.640 |
|
|
|
|
7 |
3.462 |
|
8 |
3.448 |
|
9 |
3.943 |
|
Subtotal -- 7 - 9 |
10.853 |
|
|
|
|
10 |
3.576 |
|
11 |
3.416 |
|
12 |
3.158 |
|
Subtotal -- 10 - 12 |
10.150 |
|
|
|
|
Total -- K - 12 |
44.643 |
4. Technology -- I obtained the Technology cost for Alabama directly from the Pioneer Appendix. The PI Appendix lists the Total Technology Cost for Alabama as $123,117,754 ($123.118 million).
The PI Appendix provides the following information:
Alabama Technology Cost
(Millions of Dollars)
|
Description |
Technology Cost ($ Millions) |
Total Technology Cost ($ Millions) |
|
One-Time Costs |
50.092 |
50.092 |
|
Year 1 Operations |
5.906 |
5.906 |
|
Years 2 - 7 Operations (Annual) |
11.1865 |
-- |
|
Total for 6 Years (Years 2 - 7) |
67.120 |
67.120 |
|
Total Technology Cost |
|
123.118 |
Please contact me if you would like copies of my two reports.
Henry W. Burke
E-mail: hwburke@cox.net